1866   


The conflict between Prussia and Austria over Schleswig and Holstein triggered the Austro-Prussian war of 1866. The traditionally pro-Austrian states of north and central Germany sided against Prussia. Austria was beaten at Königgrätz, and its allies, the King of Hanover, the Duke of Nassau, the Elector of Hesse-Cassel and the free city of Frankfurt, lost their independence to Prussia. Prussia also annexed both Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and annexed a small part of Hesse-Rhine. Prussia was greatly enlarged and now the unrivalled master of North-Germany. Austria was forced to cede Venice to Italy, and began a process of "Ausgleich" with its Hungarian citizens. The German Confederation was abolished.

Notice the autonomous states within the Ottoman Empire. Now that Austria's ambitions towards Germany were defeated. It would direct its attention there, inviting conflict with Russia. More changes in the map of Europe were imminent.